Based on European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts （ECMWF） fifth-generation global atmospheric reanalysis （ERA5） every day from May to August during 1979-2020, three land-atmosphere indexes to investigate land-atmosphere coupling processes were calculated,characteristics of land-atmosphere coupling in climatology and their difference under different dry and wetsoil conditions were analyzed over eastern and southern Asia. The results show that Northeast and North China,the Tibetan plateau, India, Yunnan Province of China and Southeast Asia,the middle latitude arid zone were strong land-atmosphere coupling zones in climatology. In the middle latitude arid zone, land-atmosphere coupling had no significant difference under different soil conditions due to the low soil moisture and its little variability. In the other strong coupling zones, the coupling strength decreased with increasing soil moisture condition because of the bigger variability of soil moisture in these regions, and this law is applicable to the coupling processes between soil moisture（SM） and evapotranspiration （ET）, between ET and water vapor condition of boundary layer, between ET and instability condition of boundary layer. The land-atmosphere couplings over South China were weak in climatology, coupling between SM and ET was significant only under dry soil conditions, while the coupling between ET and atmospheric boundary layer were not significant under all soil moisture conditions.

Using lightning data detected by the TRMM satellite between 25-38 0N and 74-100 0E from 1998 Jan. 1 to 2003 Dec.31,the yearly, seasonal and diurnal lightning number and their change with the longitude and latitude, the lightning density distribution and lightning climatic feature were calculated and analyzed in this paper. Results show that the total mean diurnal lightning number is about 7 600 in Tibetan Plateau Region of China, and it is 66.470l0 of the total number during day and 33.530lo during night，and their ratio is 2.0. The yearly variety of the diurnal flash number is the many peak value, the flash occurs primarily in April to September per year, and the number is 940l0 of total yearly lightning number .First peak occurs in Jun to Auguest, and the second peak in May and September, the flash number in summer season  (Jun to Aug) is 70.230l0, and it is only about 0.830l0 of total yearly lightning number in November to March of the next year. Diurnal variation presents the single peak value, and mean hourly flash  number is about 347 in a year, it reaches a maximum  at 18 PM and it'、about 12.10l0 of diurnal lightning number, it comes to mininn lm during 8一11 AM and it'、only 1.30l0 of the diurnal number, and the maximum is 100 times of the minimum，these show that lightning occurring frequently in Tibetan region is primarily in dusk. In Tibetan region, yearly mean flash number change with latitudd is bigger than that with longitude. Diurnal variation time of peak value occurring lightning in 4 seasons show that the time
with peak value of flash number during a day is different, in winter it is primarily in the evening，in autumn it is in the afternoon, while in spring it is at night and in summer it is at dusk. In Tibetan Plateau region the different yearly mean flash density distributions in daytime and nighttime and all day show that the density is higher in eastern region than that in western region, the hlgh  denStty  area  are  mOTe  COriCenttated  In  Tlhetan  Center  TeglOn  TelatlVely.  DLITlng  daytlme  In  Tlhetan  Center  TeglOn  1S  f1aSh  hlgh density area, and during nighttime it is flash low area. The flash density for different seasons is different, the flash high density area in
spring it is tend to northern, in autumn it is southward, in summer it is highest flash density area in Tibetan region, in winter it is rarelv flash densitv.